Điều khoản Logistics CII(Carbon Intensity Indicator)

Background of CII
The shipping industry is a crucial component of global trade, responsible for transporting approximately 90% of the world's goods. However, it is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2). In response to growing concerns about climate change and the environmental impact of shipping, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced various measures to reduce emissions from ships. One such measure is the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), a metric designed to assess and manage the carbon efficiency of ships.

The CII aims to promote sustainable practices within the maritime sector by providing a standardized method for evaluating the carbon intensity of different vessels. This initiative is part of the IMO's broader strategy to achieve a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping by 2050 compared to 2008 levels.

Amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex VI of IMO(International Maritime Organization) entered into force on 1 November 2022. Developed under the framework of the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, which was agreed upon in 2018, these technical and operational amendments require ships to improve their energy efficiency in the short term and thereby reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

From 1 January 2023, it became mandatory for all ships to calculate their attained Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) to measure their energy efficiency and to initiate the collection of data for the reporting of their annual operational carbon intensity indicator (CII) and CII rating.

(Source: IMO)

Purpose and Importance of the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII)
The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) serves multiple critical purposes and offers significant importance in driving the shipping industry towards a more sustainable and efficient future.

1) Environmental Impact
The primary purpose of the CII is to address the environmental impact of the shipping industry, which is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. By measuring the carbon efficiency of ships, the CII:

- Identifies High Emission Ships: The CII provides a clear metric for identifying ships with high carbon emissions relative to their transport work. This visibility allows ship owners and operators to pinpoint which vessels require improvements.
- Encourages Adoption of Green Technologies: With the CII highlighting carbon inefficiencies, there is a strong incentive for the shipping industry to adopt green technologies and practices. Innovations such as air lubrication systems, hull modifications, and energy-efficient engines can significantly reduce a ship's carbon footprint.
- Promotes Sustainable Practices: The CII encourages the adoption of sustainable operational practices, such as optimizing ship speed, improving route planning, and enhancing maintenance routines to ensure ships run as efficiently as possible.

2) Regulatory Compliance
The CII is an integral part of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) comprehensive strategy to mitigate climate change impacts. In the context of regulatory compliance, the CII:

- Supports IMO’s Emission Reduction Goals: The IMO aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels. The CII is a crucial tool in achieving this target by providing a measurable and enforceable standard for carbon intensity.
- Mandates Annual Reporting: The IMO requires ships to calculate and report their CII annually. This mandatory reporting ensures consistent monitoring and accountability, pushing the industry towards continuous improvement.
- Imposes Corrective Actions: Ships that receive low CII ratings (D or E) are required to develop and implement corrective action plans to improve their efficiency. This regulatory pressure ensures that even the least efficient ships are incentivized to enhance their performance.

3) Operational Efficiency
The CII provides a benchmark for operational efficiency, enabling ship operators to optimize their practices and reduce costs. By focusing on operational efficiency:

- Fuel Savings: Improved fuel efficiency directly translates to lower operational costs. By benchmarking against the CII, operators can identify areas where fuel consumption can be reduced, leading to significant cost savings.
- Enhanced Performance Monitoring: Regular monitoring of CII helps in tracking the performance of individual ships and fleets over time. This continuous assessment allows operators to make data-driven decisions to enhance efficiency.
- Maintenance and Upgrades: The CII encourages regular maintenance and technological upgrades to improve ship performance. Up-to-date systems and well-maintained vessels operate more efficiently, further reducing emissions and operating costs.

4) Market Advantage
In an increasingly eco-conscious market, the CII offers a competitive edge to ships and operators who achieve high efficiency ratings. The market advantages include:

- Attracting Environmentally Conscious Clients: Companies and consumers are becoming more aware of their environmental footprint. Ships with low CII values are more attractive to these stakeholders, who prefer to partner with operators committed to sustainability.
- Enhancing Reputation: A strong performance on the CII scale enhances a shipping company’s reputation. Being recognized as an environmentally responsible operator can lead to increased business opportunities and brand loyalty.
- Meeting Stakeholder Expectations: Investors and regulatory bodies are placing greater emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. Ships with better CII ratings are likely to meet these expectations, attracting investment and facilitating compliance with stricter regulations.
- Long-term Viability: As regulations tighten and market preferences shift towards sustainability, having a fleet with low carbon intensity ensures long-term business viability. It positions companies favorably in a future where carbon efficiency will be increasingly crucial.

In conclusion, the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) is a powerful tool that drives environmental, regulatory, operational, and market benefits within the shipping industry. By adopting and improving their CII, ship operators not only contribute to global emission reduction goals but also enhance their operational efficiency and market competitiveness.

(Source: Firefly, Adobe)

The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) applies specifically to ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above. This threshold aligns with the ships subject to Regulation 27, which mandates annual fuel consumption reporting to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Database. Here’s a more detailed look at the types of ships and the regulatory framework surrounding the CII:

Ships Subject to CII
- Bulk Carriers: Used for transporting bulk commodities such as coal, iron ore, and grains. Typically very large and high in gross tonnage, making them significant targets for CII compliance.
- Container Ships: Designed to carry standardized cargo containers. Often large in size and gross tonnage, operating on fixed routes which allows for easier monitoring of fuel consumption and emissions.
- General Cargo Ships: Carry a variety of goods and are versatile in their cargo handling capabilities. These ships are typically of significant gross tonnage, falling under the CII regulations.
- Tankers: Include oil tankers, chemical tankers, and LNG/LPG carriers. These ships are substantial in size and tonnage, with high fuel consumption rates.
- Passenger Ships: Encompass cruise ships and large ferries. High energy demands due to their size and the amenities provided on board make them crucial targets for CII.
- Reefer Ships: Specialized in transporting perishable goods. Their requirement for temperature-controlled environments leads to higher fuel usage.
- Ro-Ro Ships (Roll-on/Roll-off): Carry wheeled cargo such as cars and trucks. Often large and heavily utilized, they fall within the CII regulations.
- Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs): Support offshore drilling and production. Typically of significant tonnage and fuel consumption.

Regulatory Framework
- Regulation 27 and the IMO Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Database: Regulation 27 mandates that ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above must report their annual fuel oil consumption to the IMO. This data collection is essential for monitoring and assessing the carbon intensity of ships and is a foundational element for the CII.
- CII Rating System: Ships are rated on a scale from A to E based on their annual carbon intensity. A is the most efficient, and E is the least efficient. Ships receiving a D rating for three consecutive years or an E rating for a single year are required to submit a corrective action plan to improve their carbon intensity.
- Annual Reporting and Compliance: The annual reporting requirement ensures continuous monitoring and encourages ongoing improvements in fuel efficiency and emission reductions. The collected data helps the IMO and ship operators to benchmark performance and identify areas needing improvement.

In summary, the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) is a crucial regulation targeting ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above, aligning with the IMO's broader goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Compliance with CII regulations not only aids in achieving environmental objectives but also offers operational, competitive, and technological benefits for the shipping industry.

(Source: Firefly, Adobe)

The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) is calculated to measure the efficiency of a ship in terms of its carbon emissions relative to the transport work it performs. The CII is expressed in grams of CO2 emitted per deadweight ton-nautical mile (gCO2/dwt-nm). Here’s a detailed breakdown of how the CII is calculated:

Steps in Calculating the CII
1) Data Collection
- Fuel Consumption: Measure the total amount of fuel consumed by the ship over a specific period, typically a year. This includes all types of fuel used by the ship’s main and auxiliary engines, boilers, and any other fuel-consuming equipment.
- CO2 Emissions: Calculate the total CO2 emissions based on the fuel consumption data. This involves using emission factors for different types of fuel. The emission factor represents the amount of CO2 emitted per unit of fuel consumed.

2) Transport Work
- Cargo Carried (Deadweight Tonnage, dwt): Measure the cargo capacity utilized during the voyage. Deadweight tonnage (dwt) refers to the total weight a ship can safely carry, including cargo, fuel, crew, and provisions.
- Distance Traveled (Nautical Miles, nm): Measure the total distance traveled by the ship over the same period.

3) Calculation of CO2 Emissions
- Determine the total CO2 emissions using the fuel consumption data and emission factors. For example, if different types of fuels are used, the total CO2 emissions are calculated by summing up the emissions from each type of fuel.
- Total CO2 EmissiConsumption×Emission Factor)

4) Calculation of Transport Work
- Calculate the transport work performed by the ship, which is the product of the cargo carried and the distance traveled.
- Transport Work=Deadweight Tonnage (dwt)×Distance Traveled (nm)

5) CII Calculation
- The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) is then calculated by dividing the total CO2 emissions by the transport work.
- CII=Total CO2 Emissions / Transport Work

Example Calculation
Consider a ship that:
- Consumed 10,000 tonnes of fuel in a year.
- The emission factor for the fuel is 3.114 kg CO2 per kg of fuel.
- Transported 50,000 deadweight tons (dwt) of cargo.
- Traveled 20,000 nautical miles (nm).

Calculate Total CO2 Emissions:
Total CO2 Emissitonnes of fuel×3.114 kg CO2/kg fuel=31,140,000 kg CO2=31,140tonnes CO2

Calculate Transport Work:
Transport Work=50,000 dwt×20,000 nm=1,000,000,000 dwt-nm

Calculate CII:
CII= 31,140 tonnes CO2 / 1,000,000,000 dwt-nm =0.03114 gCO2/dwt-nm

This calculation shows the ship’s carbon intensity, helping to determine how efficiently it transports cargo in terms of CO2 emissions per unit of transport work.

Importance of Accurate Calculation
- Regulatory Compliance: Ensures ships meet IMO regulations and avoid penalties.
- Operational Efficiency: Helps ship operators identify inefficiencies and areas for improvement.
- Environmental Impact: Provides a clear metric for reducing the carbon footprint of maritime operations.
- Benchmarking: Allows comparison with industry standards and peers to drive continuous improvement.

In conclusion, the CII is calculated by assessing the total CO2 emissions of a ship in relation to the work it performs, providing a crucial metric for measuring and managing carbon efficiency in the shipping industry.

(Source: Firefly, Adobe)

Shippers and carriers have a critical role in responding to the implementation of the CII. Here are several strategies they can adopt:

1) Enhance Operational Efficiency
- Speed Optimization: Operating ships at optimal speeds can significantly reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
- Voyage Planning: Efficient route planning to minimize distance and avoid congested areas can improve carbon intensity.

2) Invest in Technology and Innovation
- Energy-Efficient Technologies: Implementing technologies such as air lubrication systems, hull modifications, and energy-efficient propellers can reduce emissions.
- Alternative Fuels: Transitioning to low-carbon or zero-carbon fuels, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), biofuels, or hydrogen, can drastically lower carbon intensity.

3) Fleet Modernization
- Retrofitting Existing Vessels: Retrofitting older ships with advanced emission-reduction technologies can enhance their carbon efficiency.
- New Builds: Investing in new ships designed with state-of-the-art technology and compliance with the latest environmental standards can provide long-term benefits.

4) Digitalization
- Data Analytics: Utilizing advanced data analytics and monitoring systems to track fuel consumption and emissions in real-time helps identify areas for improvement.
- Automated Systems: Implementing automated and AI-driven systems for route optimization and operational efficiency can lead to substantial emission reductions.

5) Collaboration
- Industry Collaboration: Working with other stakeholders, including shipbuilders, fuel suppliers, and regulatory bodies, can foster the development and adoption of best practices and technologies.
- Policy Advocacy: Engaging in policy discussions and supporting stricter environmental regulations can help accelerate the industry's transition to a low-carbon future.

6) Transparent Reporting
- Emissions Reporting: Regularly reporting emissions and CII performance to stakeholders, including customers and regulatory authorities, can enhance transparency and accountability.
- Sustainability Initiatives: Highlighting efforts and achievements in reducing carbon intensity in sustainability reports can improve a company's reputation and attract eco-conscious clients.

The implementation of the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) marks a pivotal step towards a sustainable future for the shipping industry. Beyond serving as a tool for regulatory compliance, the CII plays a significant role in enhancing a company's reputation as an environmentally responsible entity, optimizing fuel consumption to reduce operational costs, and increasing market competitiveness. By accurately calculating the CII and leveraging it to improve efficiency, shipping companies can reduce their carbon emissions while solidifying their essential role in international shipping. These efforts ultimately contribute to achieving global climate change mitigation goals and form the foundation for a sustainable shipping industry.